Companies have many alternatives of financing source,
internal or external. Alternative internal financing generally comes from
the retained earning, while external financing can come from creditors in
form of debt, other forms of funding or by issuing debenture papers, and
even financing by participating in stock (equity). Financing by
participation mechanism is usually done by selling company’s stocks to the
public or often known as going public.
To go public, companies have to make internal and
documents preparation in accordance to the requirements needed for going
public, and fulfill all the requirements stated by the Bapepam. Public
offering or go public is the activity of stock or other marketable
securities offering by an issuer (going public firm) to the public based on
the procedures arranged in the Capital Market Law and its Implementation
Rules.
Public offering accommodates these activities:
- Primary Market Period, when stocks are offered to investors by
underwriter through selected Selling Agent; - Shares subscriptions, the allocation of investors’ securities order
according to the available amount of securities. - Stock allotment at the Exchange, when stocks are traded in the
Exchange.
Stocks public offering procedures can be categorized into
these 4 steps:
- Preparation Step
In this step, the company has to prepare everything needed the public
offering process. First, the company, who will issue the stocks, holds
Shareholder General Meeting and asks the approval from shareholders.
After the approval, the issuer will appoint the underwriter, market
institutions and supporting professions that consists of:
- Underwriter. Underwriter is the party who has the most involvement
in assisting the issuer to go public. Underwriter’ has to prepare all
the documents, prospectus, and giving the guarantee of the issuing
process. - Public accountant (Independent Auditor). Public accountant is
responsible to audit or check the income statement of the issuer. - Appraisal Company for appraising the fixed assets owned by company
and accounting proper value of the fixed assets. - Law consultant for giving legal opinion.
- Notary for making amendments of the company’s basic budget and
various agreement underlying the public offering, and notes of meeting.
- Registration-Statement Submitting Step
In this step, the company will complete the registration by giving
supporting documentations to the Bapepam until the Bapepam states that
the Registration Statement is effective. - Shares Offering
In this step, the issuer offers its stock to the investors’ society.
Investors can buy the shares through their appointed selling agents.
Offering period is usually about three trading days. Worth to notice,
that not all of the investors’ desires are fulfilled in this level. For
instance, 100 million shares are released in the market, while the
amount of shares that the investors want to buy is 150 million shares.
If the investors could not get the shares at the primary market, they
can buy it in secondary market after the stock is listed in exchange.
- Shares Listing in the Exchange
After selling the shares in primary market, the stocks are listed in the
Exchange. In Indonesia, the stocks could be listed in the Indonesia
Stock Exchange (IDX), Surabaya Stock Exchange, or even in both
exchanges.
resource: idx.co.id